Two kinds of process or two kinds of processing? Disambiguating dual-process theories

Dual-Process Theories (D-PTs) claim there are two qualitatively different types of processes in the human brain-mind. Despite forming the basis for several areas of cognitive science, they are still shrouded in ambiguity: critics erroneously attack D-PTs as a whole (e.g., Evans and Stanovich Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 2013), the qualitative/quantitative distinction is not clear enough (De Neys Perspectives on Psychological Science 16 (6): 1412–1427, 2021; Dewey 2022) and, given this criterion, deciding between qualitative or quantitative differences may even be scientifically irrelevant (De Neys 2021). As a way of disambiguating the discussion and clarifying what exactly means to claim the existence of a second type of process, I define two possible categories of D-PT: The substantial and the instrumental. In the substantial case, Type 2 processes are subpersonal level ones. In the instrumental case, Type 2 processing is a personal level phenomenon that does not necessarily imply subpersonal level Type 2 processes. Discussing the different implications of each of the categories, I use as a main example to illustrate the ambiguity – and the exercise of disambiguation – the model proposed by Evans and Stanovich (2013), making clear its substantial character, and contrast it with Frankish’ (2009) – a clear case of instrumental D-PT. Finally, I discuss the contributions this distinction can make. By making the discussion clearer, it can provide a relatively unanimous framework for dual- and single-process theorists (the instrumental version) and clearer desiderata for those wishing to defend the substantive one.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

End-to-end elasticity control of cloud-network slices

The design of efficient elasticity control mechanisms for dynamic resource allocation is crucial to increase the efficiency of future cloud-network slice-defined systems. Current elasticity control mechanisms proposed for cloud- or network-slicing, only consider cloud- or network-type resources respectively. In this paper, we introduce the elaSticity in cLOud-neTwork Slices (SLOTS) which aims to extend the horizontal elasticity control to multi-providers scenarios in an end-to-end fashion, as well as to provide a novel vertical elasticity mechanism to deal with critical insufficiency of resources by harvesting underused resources on other slices. Finally, we present a preliminary assessment of the SLOTS prototype in a real testbed, revealing outcomes that suggest the viability of the proposal.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Knowledge management maturity model : the case study of a portuguese technology enterprise

Master in Corporate SciencesIn today scenario, Knowledge Management plays an important role in the competitiveness and performance of the Organizations in general. Through an efficient KM implementation organizations can tap the real benefits of knowledge generation and usage, which leads to a boost in the innovation processes and subsequently in performance. A KM Maturity Model can help organizations identify the progress of Knowledge Management and improvements to be made. Then with the current state-of-the-art assessed it becomes almost natural to find the path to the next higher level of KM Maturity. This research adds to the body of knowledge by its literature review on Knowledge Management and KM Maturity Models. But above all this research contributes with the application of one of those models in a Portuguese IT Organization. The objective is to answer the question: “What is the Knowledge Management Maturity Level of an organization?” The data for the selected model was collected by an instrument proposed in the chosen model in the form of a survey. Interviews with key players in the Organization were conducted and secondary data was also considered. All this information was treated and a conclusion about the Knowledge Management Maturity Level of the company is given at the end.No cenário de hoje a Gestão do Conhecimento desempenha um papel importante na competitividade e performance das organizações em geral. Através da aplicação eficiente da Gestão do Conhecimento(GC) as organizações conseguem aproveitar os reais benefícios da geração e utilização do conhecimento, o que leva a um estimuto nos processos de inovação. Um modelo de maturidade de GC pode auxiliar as organizações a identificarem o andamento da gestão do conhecimento e melhorias a serem realizadas. Depois, com o actual estado-da-arte avaliado torna-se quase natural encontrar o caminho para o próximo nível de maturidade de Gestão do Conhecimento. Esta investigação contribui para o conjunto de conhecimento pela sua revisão da literatura sobre Gestão do Conhecimento e Modelos de Maturidade de GC. Mas acima de tudo, esta investigação contribui com a aplicação de um desses modelos em uma organização Portuguesa de TI. O objetivo é responder à pergunta: "Qual é o Nível de Maturidade da Gestão do Conhecimento de uma organização?" Os dados para o modelo seleccionado foram recolhidos por um instrumento proposto no modelo escolhido e sob a forma de um inquérito. Entrevistas com key-players da Organização foram realizadas e dados secundários também foram considerados. Toda esta informação foi tratada e uma conclusão sobre o Nível de Maturidade da Gestão do Conhecimento da empresa é dado no final

Food assistance in Portugal: organizational challenges in three different contexts

Drawing on an ethnographic research study, developed in three different food assistance initiatives (FAI) operating in Portugal, this article seeks to explore the elements that characterize them and the main organizational challenges they face. Participant observation was carried out in a surplus food redistribution charity, a soup kitchen, and a social supermarket, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with supervisors of these FAI. The study followed an inductive coding strategy and a thematic analysis was developed. The main results point to an appreciation of the initiatives and the role they play, but they also highlight the existence of several challenges, mainly related to: i) difficulties in accessing sources of funding; ii) the absence of an intervening state; and iii) a scarcity of resources that allow a thorough assessment of their activities and services provided, which weakens the public image of these responses. The development of food assistance in Europe has a long history. Over the past few years, this sector has grown significantly. Nowadays, it is possible to identify several realities around emergency food provision. However, this heterogeneity has not been sufficiently explored in the literature. In addition, there are few studies that report on the variety of initiatives that co-exist in Portugal and establish a comparison between them. The current paper intends to overcome this gap by seeking to understand the main models of food assistance operating in the country.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uso de tubos timpánicos auto elaborados en pacientes con otitis media serosa realizado en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del hospital Antonio Lenin Fonseca durante el período de Mayo a Diciembre del 2014

Se realizó el estudio de “Uso de tubos timpánicos autoelaborados en pacientes con otitis media serosa en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Antonio Lenin Fonseca durante el período de mayo a diciembre del 2014.” El objetivo era conocer los resultados que presentaron los pacientes al colocárseles tubos timpánicos autoelaborados en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Antonio Lenin Fonseca en el período de mayo a diciembre del 2014. Es un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal, prospectivo y observacional, estudio de una cohorte, realizado en el servicio de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Antonio Lenín Fonseca de Managua en el 2014, cuyo universo está constituido por pacientes diagnosticados con Otitis Media serosa que requirieron de cirugía en el período de estudio, tomando de muestra a todos los pacientes a los que se les colocó tubos timpánicos durante el período en estudio(N = 10). Se aplicó un muestreo por conveniencia. En los pacientes predominó la edad de 5-10 años (50%), de escolaridad primaria (60%), sin diferencias en cuanto al sexo y la procedencia. En los 17 oídos estudiados se encontró membrana timpánica retraída (100%), la cual estaba levemente enrojecida (47%). El timpanograma nos graficó una curva tipo B en cada oído. La complicación más frecuente en los oídos derechos fue tejido de granulación (40%) así también en los oídos izquierdos (55.6%). Estos tubos fueron expulsados antes de los 3 meses (60%) Dentro de los datos y resultados obtenidos, podemos observar la producción de tejido de granulación en la membrana timpánica

Mixed integer programming formulations and heuristics for joint production and transportation problems.

In this thesis we consider different joint production and transportation problems. We first study the simplest two-level problem, the uncapacitated two-level production-in-series lot-sizing problem (2L-S/LS-U). We give a new polynomial dynamic programming algorithm and a new compact extended formulation for the problem and for an extension with sales. Some computational tests are performed comparing several reformulations on a NP-Hard problem containing the 2L-S/LS-U as a relaxation. We also investigate the one-warehouse multi-retailer problem (OWMR), another NP-Hard extension of the 2L-S/LS-U. We study possible ways to tackle the problem effectively using mixed integer programming (MIP) techniques. We analyze the projection of a multi-commodity reformulation onto the space of the original variables for two special cases and characterize valid inequalities for the 2L-S/LS-U. Limited computational experiments are performed to compare several approaches. We then analyze a more general two-level production and transportation problem with multiple production sites. Relaxations for the problem for which reformulations are known are identified in order to improve the linear relaxation bounds. We show that some uncapacitated instances of the basic problem of reasonable size can often be solved to optimality. We also show that a hybrid MIP heuristic based on two different MIP formulations permits us to find solutions guaranteed to be within 10% of optimality for harder instances with limited transportation capacity and/or with additional sales. For instances with big bucket production or aggregate storage capacity constraints the gaps can be larger. In addition, we study a different type of production and transportation problem in which cllients place orders with different sizes and delivery dates and the transportation is performed by a third company. We develop a MIP formulation and an algorithm with a local search procedure that allows us to solve large instances effectively.

Family income, food prices, and household purchases of fruits and vegetables in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da renda familiar e do preço de alimentos sobre a participação de frutas e hortaliças dentre os alimentos adquiridos pelas famílias brasileiras. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, com amostra probabilística de 48.470 domicílios brasileiros entre 2002 e 2003. A participação de frutas e hortaliças no total de aquisições de alimentos foi expressa como percentual do total de calorias adquiridas e como calorias provenientes desses alimentos ajustadas para o total de calorias adquirido. Empregaram-se técnicas de análise de regressão múltipla para estimação de coeficientes de elasticidade, controlando-se variáveis sociodemográficas e preço dos demais alimentos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se aumento da participação de frutas e hortaliças no total de aquisições de alimentos com a diminuição de seu próprio preço ou com o aumento da renda. A diminuição do preço de frutas e hortaliças em 1 por cento aumentaria sua participação em 0,79 por cento do total calórico; o aumento de 1 por cento na renda familiar aumentaria essa participação no total calórico em 0,27 por cento. O efeito da renda tendeu a ser menor nos estratos de maior renda. CONCLUSÕES: A redução do preço de frutas e hortaliças, tanto pelo apoio à cadeia de produção dos alimentos quanto por medidas fiscais, é um promissor instrumento de política pública capaz de aumentar a participação desses alimentos na dieta brasileiraOBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of family income and food prices on the participation of fruits and vegetables in the food purchases of Brazilian households. METHODS: Data analyzed refers to the Household Budget Survey conducted by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística on a probabilistic sample of 48,470 Brazilian households between 2002 and 2003. Fruit and vegetable participation in total food purchases was expressed as a percentage of total calories purchased and as calories from fruit and vegetables adjusted for total calories purchased. A multiple regression analysis was employed to estimate elasticity coefficients, controlling for sociodemographic variables and price of other foods. RESULTS: Fruit and vegetable participation in total food purchases increased as the price of these foods decreased, or as income increased. A 1 per cent decrease in the price of fruit and vegetables would increase their participation by 0.79 per cent, whereas a 1 per cent increase in family income would increase participation by 0.27 per cent. The effect of income tended to be smaller among higher income strata. CONCLUSIONS: Reducing the price of fruit and vegetables, either by supporting their production or through fiscal measures, is a promising public policy instrument, capable of increasing the participation of these foods in the diet of the Brazilian populationFAPESP nº 2007/00064-

EXECUÇÃO DA PENA APÓS CONDENAÇÃO EM SEGUNDA INSTÂNCIA: CONSTITUCIONALISMO DISCURSIVO À BRASILEIRA

A partir dos julgamentos realizados pelo STF sobre a execução antecipada da pena a partir da condenação em segunda instância o presente artigo tem por objetivo estabelecer reflexões sobre o Constitucionalismo Discursivo e a sua capacidade de instituir a jurisdição constitucional como legítima mandatária popular a partir da representação argumentativa, conceito desenvolvido por Robert Alexy. Propomos a seguinte indagação: O concreto manejo deste aparato teórico nesta questão contribuiu para reforçar a legitimidade popular de nossa Suprema Corte enquanto intérprete da constituição

Introducing concurrency in sequential Java via laws

AbstractNowadays multi-core processors can be found everywhere. It is well known that one way of improving performance is by parallelization. In this paper we propose a parallelization strategy for Java using algebraic laws. We perform an experiment with two benchmarks and show that our strategy produces a gain similar to a specialized parallel version provided by the Java Grande Benchmark (JGB)